July | 2010 | Joe Codeswell - Notes to Myself and Others

Here are some Python links and idioms.

Python Links

recipes , pyDocs , DiveIn, FredrikLundh , FredrikLundhPython
wiki, examples, community, questions
idioms.colorado.edu, idioms.c2.com, idioms.python.org, idioms.caltech
samples.python.org.moin, samples.wikibooks.org, samples.python.org.doc
bruce.eckel.artima, bruce.eckel.lovePython, bruce.eckel.TIPython

Python Idoms

class

class BankAccount(object):
    def __init__(self, initial_balance=0):
        self.balance = initial_balance
    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.balance += amount
    def withdraw(self, amount):
        self.balance -= amount
    def overdrawn(self):
        return self.balance < 0
my_account = BankAccount(15)
my_account.withdraw(5)
print my_account.balance

looping dicts

for k, v in knights.iteritems():
  print k, v

looping enumerated sequences

for i, v in enumerate(Seq):
  print i, v

dict from k v lists

dict(zip(keyList, valList))

dict from k v strings

dict(zip(keyStr.split(' '), valString.split(' ')))

dict from obj attribs

dict((name, getattr(ob, name)) for name in dir(ob) if not name.startswith('__'))

concat strings 1

''.join([xStr, yStr])

concat strings 2

xStr = ''.join([xStr, yStr])

map 1

seq = range(10)
def cube(x): return x*x*x
map(cube, seq)

map 2

seq = range(10)
def add(x, y): return x+y
map(add, seq, seq)

reduce

seq = range(10)
def add(x, y): return x+y
reduce(add, seq)

list 2 string

s = ''.join(L)

list creations

iota=range(5)
zeros=[0]*5
foos=['foo']*8
L=[0,1,2] + [3,4]
four=L[-1]
three=L[-2]
zero_1=L[:2]
two_3_4=L[2:]
one_2_3=L[1:4]
del(L[1])
listoflists=[ [0]*4 ] *5
listoflists=[[0]*4 for i in range(5)]

list comprehension [simple]

vec = [2, 4, 6]
[3*x for x in vec]

list comprehension [if]

vec = [2, 4, 6]
[3*x for x in vec if x > 3]

list comprehension [list]

vec = [2, 4, 6]
[[x,x**2] for x in vec]

list comprehension [dict]

l1=1,2,3,4,5; l2=6,7,8,9,0
dict([(k, v) for k,v in zip(l1,l2)])
# {1: 6, 2: 7, 3: 8, 4: 9, 5: 0}

list comprehension [v1, v2]

vec1 = [2, 4, 6]
vec2 = [4, 3, -9]
[x*y for x in vec1 for y in vec2]
# rightmost for varies first
# [8, 6, -18, 16, 12, -36, 24, 18, -54]

list comprehension [tuples l1, l2]

l1=1,2,3; l2=6,7,8
[{x:y} for x in l1 for y in l2]
# rightmost for varies first
# [{1: 6}, {1: 7}, {1: 8}, {2: 6}, {2: 7}, {2: 8}, {3: 6}, {3: 7}, {3: 8}]

list comprehension [nested]

mat = [
        [1, 2, 3],
        [4, 5, 6],
        [7, 8, 9],
      ]
[[row[i] for row in mat] for i in range(len(mat[0]))]
# Above list comprehension inverts the matrix
# :)To avoid apprehension when nesting list comprehensions,
#    read them from right to left. :)

zip

x = ['1', '2', '3']
y = ('4', '5', '6')
z = "789"
zip(x, y, z)
# [('1', '4', '7'), ('2', '5', '8'), ('3', '6', '9')]
# returns a list of tuples, where the i-th tuple contains the i-th
#   element from each of the argument sequences or iterables.

readFile2String

f = open('c:/', 'r') #on windows add 'b'==binary
s = f.read()
f.close()

readFile2String 1 liner

f = open('c:/test.txt', 'r'); s = f.read(); f.close()

readLines 1 liner

for line in file('fileName.txt').readlines():

readLines

f = open('c:/', 'r') #on windows add 'b'==binary
for line in f:
  # process(line)
f.close()

writeString

f = open('c:/', 'w') #on windows add 'b'==binary
f.write('This is a test\n')  # newline is NOT automatically added!
f.close()

writeString 1 liner

f = open('c:/', 'w'); f.write('This is a test\n'); f.close()

import os
os.chdir(r"C: d\GoogleDev ppEnginePjs")

pwd

import os
os.path.abspath(os.curdir)

string replace

s = 'spam bacon ham spam ham bacon spam'
s.replace('spam', 'eggs',1) #one
s.replace('spam', 'eggs')   #all

string2list

L = list(s)

string2list [split]

L = s.split('#')

sorted dict print formatted

cnid = chordNameIntervalDict= {
    'maj':    (0,  4,  7),
    'min':    (0,  3,  7),
    'aug':    (0,  4,  8),
    'dim':    (0,  3,  6),
    'sus2':   (0,  2,  7),
    'sus4':   (0,  5,  7),
    '6':      (0,  4,  7,  9),
    'm6':     (0,  3,  7,  9),
    '7':      (0,  4,  7, 10),
    'maj7':   (0,  4,  7, 11),
    'm7':     (0,  3,  7, 10),
    'dim7':   (0,  3,  6, 10),
    }

#make the keys be the vals and the vals the keys
icnd = intervalChordNameDict = dict([(cnid[k],k) for k in cnid.keys()])

chordNameL = 'maj,min,aug,dim,sus2,sus4,6,m6,7,maj7,m7,dim7'.split(',')

print 'cnid'
for k in chordNameL:
    print ('%7s %s')%(str(k),str(cnid[k]))

print 'icnd'
for k in sorted(icnd):
    print ('%-16s %s ')%(k, icnd[k])

enum_string 2 dict

enum_string = es = "state, county, city_state, city_name, city_url"
ed = dict(zip(es.split(", "), range(len(es))))
print ed
{'county': 1, 'city_name': 3, 'state': 0, 'city_url': 4, 'city_state': 2}

try except

try:
    f = open('myfile.txt')
    s = f.readline()
    i = int(s.strip())
except IOError as (errno, strerror):
    print "I/O error({0}): {1}".format(errno, strerror)
except ValueError:
    print "Could not convert data to an integer."
except:
    print "Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0]
    raise

cgi

#!/usr/bin/env python
# from: http://webpython.codepoint.net/cgi_file_upload
import cgi, os
import cgitb; cgitb.enable()

try: # Windows needs stdio set for binary mode.
    import msvcrt
    msvcrt.setmode (0, os.O_BINARY) # stdin  = 0
    msvcrt.setmode (1, os.O_BINARY) # stdout = 1
except ImportError:
    pass

form = cgi.FieldStorage()


def upload():
    """ upload the file into files/ """
    fileitem = form['file']

    # Test if the file was uploaded
    if fileitem.filename:
       
       # strip leading path from file name to avoid 
       #    directory traversal attacks
       fn = os.path.basename(fileitem.filename)
       open('files/' + fn, 'wb').write(fileitem.file.read())
       message = 'The file "' + fn + 
               '" was uploaded successfully'
       
    else:
       message = 'No file was uploaded'
       
    print """\
    Content-Type: text/html\n
    
    %s
    
    """ % (message,)

def main():
    #cgi.test()
    message = 'from main
'
    for k in form.keys():
        if k != 'file':
            message = ''.join([message, 
                k+': '+form.getvalue(k)+'
'])
     print """\
    Content-Type: text/html\n
    
    %s
    
    """ % (message,)

main()

var lastId = 36;

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Monthly Archives: July 2010

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